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81.
82.
Impact of a Pilot School-Based Nutrition Intervention on Fruit and Vegetable Waste at School Lunches
Shreela Sharma Allison Marshall Joanne Chow Nalini Ranjit Gregory Bounds Katherine Hearne Nan Cramer Amanda Oceguera Alicia Farhat Christine Markham 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2019,51(10):1202-1210.e1
ObjectiveTo determine the preliminary impact of the Brighter Bites nutrition intervention on decreasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) waste at school lunches among fourth- and fifth-grade children.MethodThis was a nonrandomized pre–post-controlled study in Houston and Dallas, TX. Two schools received the Brighter Bites intervention (n = 76), and 1 comparison school (n = 39), during the 2017-2018 school year. Brighter Bites is a 16-week school-based nutrition intervention providing weekly distribution of fresh F&V plus nutrition education. Main outcome measures were direct observation and weights to measure the number of F&V dishes selected at school lunches, amount of F&V wasted (gm), and related nutrient waste (4 time points/child). Mixed-effects linear regression analysis was used to determine change in F&V selection and waste over time.ResultsThere was a significant decrease over time in proportion of F&V selected among those in the comparison school, but not the intervention schools (P < .001). Compared with children in the comparison group, those receiving Brighter Bites showed a significant decrease in the amount of F&V wasted at each meal (P < .001) and per item (P < .05) at the end of both 8 and 16 weeks of intervention. There were significant decreases in waste of energy (kcal); dietary fiber (gm); vitamins B1, B3, and B6 (mg); total folate (µg); and B12 (µg) among those receiving Brighter Bites (P < .05).Conclusions and ImplicationsAlthough absolute food or nutrient changes were small even when significant, programs such as Brighter Bites may contribute to a healthy intake. Future studies are warranted that include a larger sample size with a stringent, cluster-randomized control trial design and consideration for other covariates. 相似文献
83.
《Health & place》2015
Poor health outcomes from insufficient physical activity (PA) are a persistent public health issue. Public transit is often promoted for positive influence on PA. Although there is cross-sectional evidence that transit users have higher PA levels, this may be coincidental or shifted from activities such as recreational walking. We use a quasi-experimental design to test if light rail transit (LRT) generated new PA in a neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Participants (n=536) wore Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and accelerometers before (2012) and after (2013) LRT construction. We test within-person differences in individuals’ PA time based on changes in transit usage pre- versus post-intervention. We map transit-related PA to detect spatial clustering of PA around the new transit stops. We analyze within-person differences in PA time based on daily transit use and estimate the effect of daily transit use on PA time controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results suggest that transit use directly generates new PA that is not shifted from other PA. This supports the public health benefits from new high quality public transit such as LRT. 相似文献
84.
《Health & place》2015
The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine whether economic dependence on various natural resources is associated with lower investment in health, after controlling for countries׳ geographical and historical fixed effects, corruption, autocratic regimes, income levels, and initial health status. Employing panel data for 118 countries for the period 1990–2008, we find no compelling evidence in support of a negative effect of resources on healthcare spending and outcomes. On the contrary, higher dependence on agricultural exports is associated with higher healthcare spending, higher life expectancy, and lower diabetes rates. Similarly, healthcare spending increases with higher mineral intensity. Finally, more hydrocarbon resource rents are associated with less diabetes and obesity rates. There is however evidence that public health provision relative to the size of the economy declines with greater hydrocarbon resource-intensity; the magnitude of this effect is less severe in non-democratic countries. 相似文献
85.
Background
‘Dual practice’, or multiple job holding, generally involves public sector-based health workers taking additional work in the private sector. This form of the practice is purported to help retain public health care workers in low and middle-income countries’ public sectors through additional wage incentives. There has been little conceptual or empirical development of the relationship between dual practice and retention.Methods
This article helps begin to fill this gap, drawing on empirical evidence from a qualitative study focusing on South African specialists. Fifty-one repeat, in-depth interviews were carried out with 28 doctors (predominantly specialists) with more than one job, in one public and one private urban hospital.Results
Findings suggest dual practice can impact both positively and negatively on specialists’ intention to stay in the public sector. This is through multiple conceptual channels including those previously identified in the literature such as dual practice acting as a ‘stepping stone’ to private practice by reducing migration costs. Dual practice can also lead specialists to re-evaluate how they compare public and private jobs, and to overworking which can expedite decisions on whether to stay in the public sector or leave. Numerous respondents undertook dual practice without official permission.Conclusions
The idea that dual practice helps retain public specialists in South Africa may be overstated. Yet banning the practice may be ineffective, given many undertake it without permission in any case. Regulation should be better enforced to ensure dual practice is not abused. The conceptual framework developed in this article could form a basis for further qualitative and quantitative inquiry.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1478-4491-13-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献86.
张志军 《安徽卫生职业技术学院学报》2015,(2):8-9,11
探讨综合医院中医科发展问题,该文总结分析了中医学综合医院中医科室现状和面临的问题,并阐述了现代综合医院中医学科建设和发展的必要性和重要性,结合县级公立医院中医科发展情况,重点阐明了医改后如何加强中医学科建设的问题。 相似文献
87.
钟东波 《中国卫生政策研究》2015,8(9):1-5
逐利机制是我国公立医院诸多问题的总根源,破除逐利机制是公立医院改革的关键。逐利机制不是公立医院自主追求的结果,而是政府一系列政策选择的意外结果。逐利机制有三个主要环节:创收压力机制、成本放大机制和收入挂钩机制。因而,破除公立医院逐利机制也应从此三个方面着手综合施策,而改革收入挂钩机制是其中具有决定意义的环节。 相似文献
88.
本文构建了医院医疗服务价格水平差异指数HPDI作为量化评价工具,对四川省18家公立医院价格水平及影响因素进行评价分析。结果表明,区域内公立医院价格水平管制合理、有效,内部因素中医技和临床类项目影响显著,外部因素中等级与规模因素影响显著。建议价格主管部门更加科学化、精细化研究价格水平问题,合理把握价格调整尺度、做好价格改革方案。 相似文献
89.
Liora Sahar Guy Faler Emil Hristov Susan Hughes Leslie Lee Caroline Westnedge Benjamin Erickson Barbara Nichols 《Online Journal of Public Health Informatics》2015,7(2)
Objective
To bridge gaps identified during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic by developing a system that provides public health departments improved capability to manage and track medical countermeasures at the state and local levels and to report their inventory levels to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Materials and Methods
The CDC Countermeasure Tracking Systems (CTS) program designed and implemented the Inventory Management and Tracking System (IMATS) to manage, track, and report medical countermeasure inventories at the state and local levels. IMATS was designed by CDC in collaboration with state and local public health departments to ensure a “user-centered design approach.” A survey was completed to assess functionality and user satisfaction.Results
IMATS was deployed in September 2011 and is provided at no cost to public health departments. Many state and local public health departments nationwide have adopted IMATS and use it to track countermeasure inventories during public health emergencies and daily operations.Discussion
A successful response to public health emergencies requires efficient, accurate reporting of countermeasure inventory levels. IMATS is designed to support both emergency operations and everyday activities. Future improvements to the system include integrating barcoding technology and streamlining user access. To maintain system readiness, we continue to collect user feedback, improve technology, and enhance its functionality.Conclusion
IMATS satisfies the need for a system for monitoring and reporting health departments’ countermeasure quantities so that decision makers are better informed. The “user-centered design approach” was successful, as evident by the many public health departments that adopted IMATS. 相似文献90.